What HOA Cases Cost

Real cases. Real outcomes. Real personal liability.
When HOA boards overstep, homeowners push back. These are documented outcomes from actual litigation — jury verdicts, settlements, and defense costs. Every number on this page comes from court records, published reports, or the law firm’s own public statements.

$3,870,000

That’s how much a jury awarded two homeowners in Hawaii after their HOA board retaliated against them for six years. The board members paid $200,000–$300,000 each — personally.

These costs don’t come from nowhere. They come from your HOA’s insurance premiums, your reserve fund, and — when insurance runs out — from special assessments levied on every homeowner in the community. Including you.

What Homeowners Have Recovered

These are real outcomes from real HOA disputes. They share a pattern: boards that stopped listening to homeowners ended up answering to courts.

Case Year Claims Outcome
Bevill v. Ke Nani Kai
Molokai, Hawaii
2008–2012 RICO, conspiracy, IIED, negligence, malicious prosecution, breach of contract $3.87M jury verdict
$1.175M insurance settlement
FHA Accommodation Denial
Franklin, Tennessee
2015 Fair Housing Act — disability discrimination $156,000 settlement
Kailua Village HOA
Kailua, Hawaii
2024 Fair Housing Act — accommodation denial (paraplegic buyer) $162,500 settlement
DOJ involvement
Oie v. Kaman & Cusimano LLC
E.D. Wisconsin
2024–2026 FDCPA class action — same law firm described above Settled Feb 2026
Terms not public

Bevill v. Ke Nani Kai — What Happened

Jim and Nancy Bevill moved to Molokai, Hawaii in 2004. They tried to elect new board leadership. What followed was a six-year campaign of retaliation that a judge called “a poster child” for everything wrong with HOA governance.

What the Board Did

  • Retained an unlicensed contractor with a criminal record
  • Death threats from contractor and resident manager
  • Vandalized the Bevills’ vehicle (sides scraped, tires punctured)
  • Attempted hit-and-run incident (2010)
  • Killed the Bevills’ pets
  • Filed a defamation lawsuit against the Bevills — using HOA funds
  • Refused to address complaints from multiple residents
  • Treated the complex as what one observer called a “fiefdom”

What the Jury Found

  • Guilty on all 11 claims
  • Racketeering (RICO)
  • Civil conspiracy
  • Gross negligence
  • Malicious prosecution
  • Breach of contract
  • Negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress

Source: Revere & Associates, Insurance Journal

Board Members Pay Personally

In Bevill, the jury didn’t just find the association liable. Individual board members were held personally responsible:

Defendant Role Personal Judgment
Phil Schutte Board Director $300,000
Bruce “Skip” Blough Board Director $300,000
Mike Preiss Board Director $200,000
Board of Directors (collective) Governing body $1,300,000
Condo Association Entity $700,000
Why this matters: D&O (Directors & Officers) insurance typically covers defense costs and settlements. But punitive damages — which made up over $3 million of the Bevill verdict — are often excluded from insurance coverage. When a jury awards punitive damages against individual board members, those members may owe that money from their personal assets.
The math: A volunteer board member who ignores homeowner concerns, retaliates against complaints, or allows unauthorized fining can face six-figure personal liability. Insurance may not cover it. And leaving the board doesn’t end exposure — liability attaches to conduct during your term of service, not to whether you’re still serving when the lawsuit arrives.

Disability Discrimination Settlements

When homeowners request disability accommodations and boards deny them, the Fair Housing Act provides powerful remedies. These are recent outcomes:

Franklin, TN (2015)

$156,000

Single FHA disability discrimination claim against a Tennessee HOA. One claim, one homeowner, no RICO, no FDCPA — just the Fair Housing Act alone produced a six-figure settlement.

Williamson County — same county as Bent Creek.

Kailua Village, HI (2024)

$162,500

HOA board refused accommodation for a paraplegic home buyer. U.S. Department of Justice intervened. Settlement included damages, policy changes, and fair housing training for the entire board.

DOJ involvement signals federal enforcement priority.

Under the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. § 3604), HOA boards are required to make reasonable accommodations for residents with disabilities. Failure to engage in the interactive process — or retaliating against homeowners who request accommodations — can result in compensatory damages, punitive damages, and injunctive relief.

What It Costs to Defend

Even if a board “wins,” the cost of getting there can devastate a community’s finances.

Phase Typical Cost Who Pays
Motion to Dismiss $50,000 – $75,000 Insurance (D&O or CGL policy)
Discovery $100,000 – $200,000 Insurance, then reserve fund if limits exceeded
Trial Preparation + Trial $75,000 – $100,000 Insurance, then special assessment if needed
Total Defense Cost $225,000 – $375,000 Your insurance, your reserves, your assessments

These estimates are conservative. In the Bevill case, defense costs alone exceeded the insurance settlement. Complex HOA cases involving Fair Housing Act, RICO, and civil rights claims routinely generate six- and seven-figure defense budgets before a single deposition is taken.

Where does the money come from? First, D&O and CGL insurance policies. But insurance has limits ($1M–$5M typical). When those limits are exhausted, defense costs come from the HOA’s operating budget and reserve fund. When reserves are depleted, the board levies special assessments — and every homeowner in the community pays, regardless of whether they had anything to do with the board’s decisions.

For Board Members

If You’re Currently Serving

  • Ask whether your board has fining authority in the CC&Rs — not just in a policy document
  • Ask whether accommodation requests are being handled through a documented interactive process
  • Ask to see the D&O insurance policy and understand what it covers and what it excludes
  • Understand that “I was just following the management company’s advice” is not a legal defense
  • Consider whether the board’s current approach is worth the personal financial risk

If You’re Leaving the Board

  • Liability attaches to your conduct during your term, not to your current status
  • Departing board members can still be named as defendants for actions taken while serving
  • You may want to consult your own attorney — separate from the HOA’s counsel — about your individual exposure
  • Cooperating with legitimate investigations or proceedings may reduce your personal risk

Board service is a volunteer position. Most board members act in good faith. But when a board exceeds its authority, retaliates against homeowners, or ignores legal obligations, the consequences fall on individual directors — not just the entity.

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